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Vertebrates and their precursors (deuterostomes, internal skeleton, red blood)

2.3.3.3.1.2.3. Vertebrates and their precursors (deuterostomes, internal skeleton, red blood) © 2003-2026 hegel.net · Kai Froeb 2.3.3.3.1.2.3. Vertebrates and their precursors Fishes and their precursors (spawn) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1. Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2. Mammals 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3. One level back to Genus and species (Zoology) One level further to Fishes and their precursors (spawn) One level further to Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) One level further to Mammals
2.3.3.3.1.2.3. Vertebrates and their precursors (deuterostomes, internal skeleton, red blood) © 2003-2026 hegel.net · Kai Froeb 2.3.3.3.1.2.3. Vertebrates and their precursors One level back to Genus and species (Zoology) One level further to Fishes and their precursors (spawn) One level further to Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) One level further to Mammals 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1. Fishes and their precursors (spawn) [Invertebrate deuterostomes] (internal skeleton without a spine) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.1. [Jawless fishes and cartilaginous fishes] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.2. [Bony fishes] (ossified skeleton) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.3. One level back to Fishes and their precursors (spawn) One level further to [Invertebrate deuterostomes] (internal skeleton without a spine) One level further to [Jawless fishes and cartilaginous fishes] (skeleton still cartilaginous) One level further to [Bony fishes] (ossified skeleton) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2. Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) Amphibians (bound to water) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.1. Reptiles (creeping animals: shelled egg) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.2. Birds (feather, warm blood, flight) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.3. One level back to Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) One level further to Amphibians (bound to water) One level further to Reptiles (creeping animals: shelled egg) One level further to Birds (feather, warm blood, flight) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3. Mammals [Monotremes] (platypus, echidna) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.1. [Marsupials] (Kangaroo, Koala) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.2. [Placentals] (with placenta) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.3. One level back to Mammals One level further to [Monotremes] (platypus, echidna) One level further to [Marsupials] (Kangaroo, Koala) One level further to [Placentals] (with placenta)
2.3.3.3.1.2.3. Vertebrates and their precursors (deuterostomes, internal skeleton, red blood) © 2003-2026 hegel.net · Kai Froeb 2.3.3.3.1.2.3. Vertebrates and their precursors One level back to Genus and species (Zoology) One level further to Fishes and their precursors (spawn) One level further to Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) One level further to Mammals 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1. Fishes and their precursors (spawn) One level back to Fishes and their precursors (spawn) One level further to [Invertebrate deuterostomes] (internal skeleton without a spine) One level further to [Jawless fishes and cartilaginous fishes] (skeleton still cartilaginous) One level further to [Bony fishes] (ossified skeleton) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.1. [Invertebrate deuterostomes] [Echinoderms] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.1.1. [Tunicates] (sea squirts, salps: notochord only in the larva) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.1.2. [Lancelets] (notochord throughout life, still no head) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.1.3. One level back to [Invertebrate deuterostomes] (internal skeleton without a spine) One level further to [Echinoderms] (starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids: five-rayed, headless) One level further to [Tunicates] (sea squirts, salps: notochord only in the larva) One level further to [Lancelets] (notochord throughout life, still no head) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.2. [Jawless fishes and cartilaginous fishes] [Jawless fishes] (lampreys, hagfishes: mouth without jaws) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.2.1. [Placoderms] (extinct: the first jaws) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.2.2. [Cartilaginous fishes] (sharks, rays, chimaeras) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.2.3. One level back to [Jawless fishes and cartilaginous fishes] (skeleton still cartilaginous) One level further to [Jawless fishes] (lampreys, hagfishes: mouth without jaws) One level further to [Placoderms] (extinct: the first jaws) One level further to [Cartilaginous fishes] (sharks, rays, chimaeras) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.3. [Bony fishes] (ossified skeleton) [Chondrosteans] (sturgeons, paddlefishes: transitional form) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.3.1. [Ray-finned fishes] (eel, herring, cod, perch) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.3.2. [Lobe-finned fishes] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.1.3.3. One level back to [Bony fishes] (ossified skeleton) One level further to [Chondrosteans] (sturgeons, paddlefishes: transitional form) One level further to [Ray-finned fishes] (eel, herring, cod, perch) One level further to [Lobe-finned fishes] (coelacanths, lungfishes — transition to land) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2. Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) One level back to Egg-laying land vertebrates (cloaca) One level further to Amphibians (bound to water) One level further to Reptiles (creeping animals: shelled egg) One level further to Birds (feather, warm blood, flight) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.1. Amphibians (bound to water) [Tailed amphibians] (newts, salamanders) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.1.1. [Caecilians] (limbless, burrowing) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.1.2. [Frogs and toads] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.1.3. One level back to Amphibians (bound to water) One level further to [Tailed amphibians] (newts, salamanders) One level further to [Caecilians] (limbless, burrowing) One level further to [Frogs and toads] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.2. Reptiles (creeping animals: shelled egg) [Turtles] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.2.1. [Lizards and snakes] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.2.2. [Crocodiles and tuataras] (transition to the birds) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.2.3. One level back to Reptiles (creeping animals: shelled egg) One level further to [Turtles] One level further to [Lizards and snakes] One level further to [Crocodiles and tuataras] (transition to the birds) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.3. Birds (feather, warm blood, flight) [Ratites] (ostrich, tinamous) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.3.1. [Galliformes and Anseriformes] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.3.2. [New birds] (songbirds, birds of prey, waders) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.2.3.3. One level back to Birds (feather, warm blood, flight) One level further to [Ratites] (ostrich, tinamous) One level further to [Galliformes and Anseriformes] One level further to [New birds] (songbirds, birds of prey, waders) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3. Mammals One level back to Mammals One level further to [Monotremes] (platypus, echidna) One level further to [Marsupials] (Kangaroo, Koala) One level further to [Placentals] (with placenta) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.1. [Monotremes] (platypus, echidna) One level back to [Monotremes] (platypus, echidna) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.2. [Marsupials] (Kangaroo, Koala) One level back to [Marsupials] (Kangaroo, Koala) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.3. [Placentals] (with placenta) [Marine mammals] 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.3.1. [Land mammals] (Quadruped) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.3.2. [Primates] (with Hands) 2.3.3.3.1.2.3.3.3.3. One level back to [Placentals] (with placenta) One level further to [Marine mammals] (return to the water; a phenomenological group, genetically dispersed) One level further to [Land mammals] (Quadruped) One level further to [Primates] (with Hands)

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